Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart free essay sample

Analysis Being an admirer of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, I chose to analyze Mozart Symphony No. 40 In G Minor. An early analyst and critic of Mozart music, Otto Kahn called the Symphony No. 40 a symphony of pain and lamentation. Another critic said it was nothing but joy and animation (Kramer 480). While these two remarks may be used as extreme ways to interpret the symphony, its character and mood are captivating and touching. The standard instrumentation for this piece includes woodwinds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons), strings (violins, violas, cellos, and basses), and brass (horns),The instrumentation does not include any percussion or heavy brass. The horns are used sparingly, only to add density to the tone or emphasize the crescendos and sopranos. The symphony Itself Is comprised of four movements: Movement One Molt allegro Movement Two Andante Movement Three Allegretto Movement Four Allegro assai The first movement of the symphony opens In a minor key with a piano but agitated principal theme that repeats Itself throughout the movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such an opening Is not a usual one; a listener may have expected some sort of an Introduction to precede such a theme, but Mozart decides to omit any prelude, thereby establishing a certain feeling of restlessness or anxiety. The first movement exhibits frequent interchanges between piano and forte. Of all the sections of the first movement, only the development is played in a major key with distinct motion. This, combined with other expressive elements, further contributes to the movements general uneasy mood. The meter here is duple simple, and it remains constant throughout the movement. The first movement is presented in the Sonata-allegro form, with a mitotic structure laity In the principal theme, and a homophobic texture. Obediently following the sonata plan, Mozart slows down his second movement to andante. Violas play the principal theme and are later Joined by the first and second violins, imitating one another. The dominating strings maintain dynamics within movement is duple compound, and like in the first movement, this one is composed in sonata-allegro form.Homophobic accompaniment in an E-flat tonality supports a Med-range, but conjunct-motion melody that is characterized by regular periodic structures. Ere third movement is in triple simple meter with the orchestra once again nominated by the strings. The minuet and trio form naturally divides the movement into three sections with different keys, dynamics, and a dad capo. The minuet section and its a dad capo are played forte and in a minor key, while the trio is piano and in a major key. The tempo remains allegretto throughout the entire movement.Unlike the second movement, the motion of the melody is distinct and wide-range, structured n regular periods. The movement begins in a G minor tonality and then changes to G major. The texture remains homophobic throughout the entire movement. He final movement of the symphony is again dominated by the strings. The tempo of this movement is allegro assai, which combined with distinct melodic motion in the portions played forte, maintains the stressful, nervous mood of the symphony. These sections are interchanged by ones played piano and adagio, with a narrow melodic range and conjunct motion.This movement is composed in sonata-allegro form with duple simple meter. The motion is mostly conjunct, except for sections played presto, where the motion is distinct and the range is wide. The tonality of this vehement is G minor, and the texture is homophobic. II. Composer background. At the time of this symphonys composition, in the first half of 1788 when Mozart creative powers were at their peak, his everyday life suddenly began to deteriorate. Although he had recently been appointed a composer to the Court of Emperor Joseph II, the salary was meager and the duties were light.Two or three years previously Mozart concert schedule was busy and an abundance of students provided him Ninth an adequate income. He had triumphed in Prague with The Marriage of Figaro in 1786 and Don Giovanni in 1787. Now his fortunes went into a slump. When Don Giovanni was performed for the first time in Vienna, on the 7th of May, 1788, it aroused mixed reactions. Although it was given fifteen times that year, it does not seem to have been regarded as a success in Vienna. In the spring of 1788 Mozart could not obtain enough subscribers to a set of three string quintets, and the projected publication was postponed and then abandoned.In June Mozart planned a series of public concerts, but these apparently did not occur. After 1788, Mozart Mould never again perform a public concert in Vienna, and his desperate financial tuition made him write letters to relatives and friends, asking for money (Brooder Nevertheless, Mozart continued to compose with his characteristic and inspiration. Ere failures of his performances and the consequent financial hardships took a recognition, however, did not stop Mozart from writing. Mozart composed his last three symphonies (Nose. 39, 40, and 41) in only two months, without commission or payment.Furthermore, at least two of these symphonies were never performed during his lifetime. As to why they were not performed, some people believe that Mozart had such an intense inner need to express himself that he could not wait for tarot from whom to charge commission. Perhaps these were the circumstances that inspired such a feeling of insecurity, anxiety, and urgency in Symphony No. 40. Ere composer needed success, recognition, and simply money. IV. Personal Reaction. On a personal level, I was also inspired with the same unexplained feeling of urgency and anxiety while listening to this symphony. The first movement creates this mood Ninth its very first motive. However, it seemed hard for me to follow through the entire piece without having lost some of this impression to the more subdued second and hire movements. Perhaps Mozart emotions at the time were too complex for me to understand at this point; after all, these two movements were not composed Just to fill the void between the first and the last movements. But maybe Mozart knew that the listeners would be exhausted if the same mood prevailed throughout the entire symphony. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart free essay sample Of these letters only one of them Is written to Nearly; the rest are to a dear friend of Mozart, Michael Bugbear. Interestingly enough Mozart begins all of his letters to Michael delicately and affectionately with brother, Brother of Order, or beloved friend which we know from the past is Mozart way of getting on somebodys good side before asking for something. After the greeting, the body of all of these letters appears to follow a basic format: starting out with a high feeling of dignity or self-confidence, and ending tit pleas for financial backing or help.The letters, amounting to twenty between 1 788 and Mozart death (Keys 206), only afforded Mozart an estimated 141 5 florins. This can be compared to the near 3000 gulden that he had borrowed from many people by his death in 1791. Mozart met Michael back in his freemason days; they worked together for the same company. Michael became very wealthy when he inherited the textile manufacturing business that he was working for. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mozart near constant pleas for money were sometimes granted, but not all of the time. Unfortunately.Mozart never made enough money before his death to be able to fully pay Michael back for all of his help. However, as a small form of compensation, Mozart would occasionally send Michael compositions and even dedicated one of his piano symphonies to him. Michael was such a good friend of the family, that it has been said that he continued to help Castanet out with family and financial problems after Mozart death. Eventually, it becomes rather obvious that Mozart can barely support his family, let alone pay back anyone who lends him money.Because of this, e loses nearly all of the flannel credibility that he once had. He reaches an economic low point and runs into a great crisis when his landlord demanded immediate payment of arrears in June of 1788. Mozart turns to Bugbear, asking him for the money and promising a return payment within a year or two with one or two thousand gulden, at a suitable rate. Michael realizes that Mozart needs to work through this problem on his own and therefore refuses to lend him the money. Because of this, Mozart winds up having to pack up both his family and belongings and move too suburb in Warring.Here, Mozart lives in a much smaller house than the one in Vienna. During these next few months it can be said that Mozart suffers an air of withdrawal from Vienna and its music life. Not only was Mozart facing an economic hardship at this time, but there was also quite a bit of commotion going on in his family life too. Taking a look at the past few years of Mozart life it can be seen that In 1786 his wife gave birth tonal lost a son and In 1787 he lost 3 of his close that was born to this couple, Theresa Connotations, passes away in June.This was less than a year after the child was born. The baby girl was buried in the Warring cemetery, right near the familys new home. On top of all of this, Mozart health was still declining from his re-infection of what doctors assumed to be SSH (Schooners- Hence Syndrome) in mid April if 1787. It seems that nothing here could really pull him out of his rut enough to get better. Eventually though, he got his life back together enough that he moved back to Vienna in late 1788 to early 1789 in hopes of again finding better luck.Moving on, Mozart professional life seems to be quite uneventful during 1787. Mozart seems to withdraw himself from society. One author even stated that in the autumn and winter so little appears to be happening that one begins to wonder how Mozart spends his days(unknown). Looking at the list of works that he finished in 1788 it can pretty much be inferred that he is spending most of his time at home composing. This raises the question of who Mozart was doing all of this composing for.Looking at commissions, it can be seen that there really are not any; along the lines of employment, activity seems to be kept at a minimal; publishing also appears o have been kept rather stagnant; and performances seemed to be the only small thing that Mozart was falling back on. Joseph Starter died in 1787 and Mozart was appointed his role of the director of Sweeties oratorio concerts. In fact, Barron van Sweeten liked what Mozart was doing so much that he had Wolfgang add to and alter Handels piece Accusing Galatea in November of 1788.The piece came out so well that Sweeten decides to have Mozart do the same thing to a couple of other pieces later on in his life. Also during this year a virtual collapse in Mozart concert audience an be seen throughout his performances. On top of that, not only were his subscription attempts in June of this year a failure, but his subsequent promotions did not seem to far any better. When the performances from 1788 are assayed we find that Mozart mainly covers someone elses pieces along with performing one of his operas.The piece that he conducted is C. P. E. Bachs Die Furthering undo Hammertoe Jesus that is performed on March fourth. The opera that is put on was one that Mozart had written Just a year before: Don Giovanni. Although it has been reformed previously in other locations, this is the first time that it is to be seen by a Vienna audience. Unfortunately though, it only has fourteen or fifteen showings before it is no more. The Emperor attends the last showing and declares it good, but unfit for his people (Keys 210). The score for this opera is so well written that it causes Hayden to react to a circle of aristocratic musical amateurs that were disputing over Mozart Vienna opera with: l cannot settle this quarrel, but I know this, that Mozart is the greatest composer now living in the world (unknown). Possibly the best and most incredible thing to come out of this year in Mozart life is the composition of his last three piano symphonies within a time frame of only six weeks.This task alone is outstanding, but what makes it even more amazing is that he managed to produce such a strong trilogy despite all of the personal problems that he is having. It is now known that these pieces were not commissioned, but why were they written? One possible explanation for the pieces is Mozart great need for time in his life between June 26 and August 10 he was in such a financial bind that e was pawning his belongings to keep the family alive (Keys 206).Between Mozart declining health and his poor finances, it is becoming clear that the end off great man is nearing. 1788 was a year of struggle, but Mozart stood up against his hardships as much as he could to prove that he was not Just going to Match his life get taken from him. Although none of this effort can be seen financially, his strength can be seen in all of the pieces that he finished in this year alone. Mozart valiant efforts over this years struggles illustrate what a truly hard Morning and dedicated man he was. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart free essay sample Mozart Mozart is truly the most remarkable composer who ever lived. He composed In the classical style and there Is no other composer to fairly compare him to. Although he died at the age of 35, he left the world with more than 600 of the most amazing compositions ever written, Throughout his life, he composed with an ease of melody and a blend of grace and precision that arguable no one has ever excelled (Ducker 478). He was an amazing musician and composer whose legend continues to grow more than two and a half centuries after his death.Mozart was a musical child- Roding, writing his first minuet at the age of five. At the age of six, he began composing complicated and serious musical works and in the same year gave his first harpsichord concert. His first symphony was written when he was only eight years old and his first opera when he was twelve. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salisbury, Austria in January of 1756 to Leopold and Anna Maria Pertly. Leopold Mozart was a respected and successful violinist and composer for the Archbishop of Salisbury. He was also an experienced teacher and taught young Wolfgang to play the clavier at the tender age of three.By the age of four, he had developed such an amazing talent for remembering musical pieces, that Leopold began teaching him to play the harpsichord. Wolfgang was a quick learner and within a year he was composing serious pieces of music. Beginning in 1762, Wolfgang and his sister Maria Anna, affectionately nicknamed Manner, went on a musical tour throughout Europe with their parents. They visited some of Rupees largest and most culture-rich cities and performed small concerts for groups of royalty and nobility. Wherever they played, their audience was overwhelmed with their extraordinary talents.For two young children, they were extremely talented but Wolfgang certainly stood out from the pair. This was partially due to his age, his unusual talent, and his fathers strict and unrelenting instruction, but it was also due to the time period in which they lived. During the classical period, women had a harder time finding respect, not to mention work, as musicians and composers. Although Manner composed wonderful pieces of her own, even Wolfgang once wrote In a letter to her, l have been quite astonished that you can compose so beautifully (Gay 18). And although Leopold was immensely proud of both of his childrens musical talents and accomplishments, he was often heard saying that his son was a prodigy of nature (Gay 12). It can easily be accepted that he was a prodigy. By the time Wolfgang was a teenager, he had mastered the harpsichord, violin and pianoforte, as well as the sonata and symphony and was writing keyboard pieces, oratorios, solos, and operas. Up until 1768 the Mozart family continued taking musical tours throughout Europe. During this time Wolfgang continued composing.While on tour in Paris, he published his first works, our sonatas for the clavier with violin accompaniment. He also composed his first opera, La Flat Someplace, which he played In a public performance the following year in his hometown of Salisbury. Between 1769 and 1771, Wolfgang and his father traveled together on three tours In Italy, leaving Manner and Anna Marl at home. While in Italy, Wolfgang wrote several new operas, Intimidate RI De Pont, Occasion in also in Rome, Italy that Mozart heard for the first and only time Gregory Allegros Miseries performance in the Sistine Chapel then wrote it out in its entirety from Emory, only returning to correct minor errors; thus producing the first illegal copy of this closely-guarded property of the Vatican (Wisped). In 1773 they returned home from their last tour in Italy. By this time, Wolfgang had written more than two dozen symphonies in his traditional classical style and his true genius as a symphonists had emerged (Gay 16). Once home, he found work as a court musician for the ruler of Salisbury.During this time he composed many works including five violin concertos, which were the only violin concertos he ever wrote. But in a short amount f time, he came to be dissatisfied with that position. He was unhappy with the salary, which was only 150 florins per year, and the position did not allow him to express himself as fully as he liked (Wisped). He was interested in composing operas but the Salisbury audience was not interested in operas. So Wolfgang began searching for employment away from Salisbury.For the next few years he traveled to large cities such as Vienna, Munich, Anaheim and Paris searching for a position that suited him. It was on his trip to Paris with his mother in 1778 that she became ill and died. In 1781 he found work as a pianist and composer in Vienna. His works Mere widely accepted and appreciated by his Viennese audiences and he achieved a reputation as an accomplished composer. It was also in Vienna that he reacquainted himself with Constance Weber, a childhood friend and the daughter of Loopholes long-time friend, Franklin Weber.In August 1782, Wolfgang married Constance against his fathers vehement objections. The couple had a total of six children although only two boys survived infancy, Karl Thomas Mozart and Franz Xavier Knolling Mozart. Shortly after the birth of their first child, Karl Thomas, Wolfgang Egan working on his famous opera, The Marriage of Figaro, which premiered in Vienna in 1786 followed by a popular showing in Prague. The following year, he completed Don Giovanni which was also widely accepted in both cities.Both of these operas Are considered among Mozart most important works and are mainstays of the operatic repertoire today (Wisped). Prior to Wolfgang marriage and for a few [ears after, he had tried to find work under a permanent patron who would respect and praise his work and one which would guarantee a large and steady income. But t was not until December of 1787 that he finally obtained a steady post under aristocratic patronage from Emperor Joseph II who appointed him as his chamber composer. However, this was not a full-time position and his compensation was only 300 florins per year although it merely required him to compose dances for the annual balls in the Hoofers Imperial Palace. By 1788, his career and income started steady decline. It is believed that he began suffering from bouts of depression and he rarely performed in public. However, he was not idle during his last years. In fact, during this time E wrote a great deal of music, including some of his most admired works: the opera The Magic Flute, the final piano concerto (K. 95 in B flat), the Clarinet Concerto (K. 622), the last in his great series of string quintets (K. 614 in E flat), the motet Eave verve corpus (K. 618), and the unfinished Requiem (K. 526)(Wisped). In September of 1791, while visiting Prague, Wolfgang fell ill. Toward the end of November his condition had worsened so much that he was Constance, her younger sister Sophie and the family doctor, but all was in vain. He died in the early morning hours of December 5, 1791. Today there is no headstone or rake to identify where the great composer was laid to rest.Some historians have speculated that the Mozart family was so poor that they could not afford a proper burial. However, a simple burial was actually a sign of the times. Funerals were not elaborate, celebrated events. Instead, they were quiet, solemn and low-key. He was buried as any of his fellow Viennese countrymen would have been buried-in a common grave. But there are even more questions surrounding his death; primarily how he died. Rumors abound from trichinosis (a parasitic disease contracted from eating under-cooked pork) to influenza, mercury poisoning, or rheumatic fever Wisped).

Tony blair essays

Tony blair essays he idea of a British Presidency is an exaggeration. Discuss. This essay is not simply about Britain turning into a second America, it is not just about a changing culture, it looks into how Tony Blair since winning the 1997 General Election has employed tactics and strategies of various American presidents. This essay will also look into how British politics has changed, with it now being more image conscious and less about the actual substance of politics, the issues and policies. In this essay I will also show that Blair has tried to detach himself as much from his own party and also from his cabinet and parliament, he is not only acting like a president but he has tried to take on the powers of a president as he has felt there is an advantage of having a presidential stance. But I will also explain that this term of British Presidency should not be taken too far, even if Blair wanted to be a British President he faces such problems such as a completely different constitution, which I will go into more deeply later in the essay, and also how various people in politics only call Tony Blair a British President as a derogatory term. But to begin with I think it is important to show what the differences there are between a British Prime Minister and the American President. Starting of with the powers of the president, firstly he can propose legislation to Congess in a number of ways, particularly through the annual State of the Union Address. A second power is to submit the annual budget, which is drawn up for the President by the Office of Management and Budget. Thirdly the President signs legislation, once bills have passed through the lengthy process in Congress, the president gets his hands on it. He then has a number of options, but most likely is that he will sign the bill into law. As a counter- balance the president also has the power to veto legislation. The regular veto is much-used presidential weapon. Even...

Character Analysis of Mary Maloney Lamb to the Slaughter

We then see Mary’s character transform before our eyes and the once loving, dutiful housewife becomes a very devious, manipulative and cold hearted character. She manages to fool everyone maybe even herself. As the story unfolds, we see Many as a very cold hearted person as she kills her husband in the blink of an eye. After her husband has told her he plans to leave her and refuses to let her cook supper for him, Mary strikes out and hits him with a leg of lamb that she had planned to cook for supper. At that point, Many Maloney simply walks up behind him and without any pause she swung the big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of his head (Dahl, p. 13). Mary acts instinctively and hits her husband, stopping him from leaving her permanently. Mary is definitely shows the cold hearted aspect of her character. Mary is also a very devious person in that she not only kills her husband in cold blood, but she then precedes to create an alibi for herself. She practices her speech in the mirror, and then goes to the grocery store where she is sure the grocer will remember her as a calm, loving wife. She sat down before the mirror, tidied her hair, touched up her lips and face. She tried a smile. It came out rather peculiar. She tried again (Dahl, p. 14). Mary was now thinking very clearly in that she knew she needed to cover her tracks. These actions show that she was very clever and devious and was already thinking very clear in regard to the events that would follow. Mary is very manipulative in that she is able to create the character of the poor, pregnant wife, whose husband has just been murdered. She is able to convince the police to take pity on her, to mix her a drink and then to even eat the evidence, the leg of lamb that she has left in the oven. Why don’t you eat up that lamb that is in the oven (Dahl, p. 17). Mary realizes that if the police find the evidence she will go to jail. Her quick thinking and manipulative character results in the police officers eathign the evidence and therefore she cannot be charged of this crime. These actions show the complex character that Mary Maloney truly is. Throughout the entire story, Mary is a very interesting character. She faces many issues in dealing with her husband’s news that he is leaving her. She reacts based on her instincts and kills her husband and this shows her cold heartedness. In the end she has to create an alibi to cover up her devious crime in which she has to manipulate the police into eating the evidence. Mary is a very unique complex character and she has, through her actions conducted a devious crime in which she will be proven innocent. Through the use of Many Maloney’s character, as well as irony and suspense, the author was able to maintained the interest of the reader throughout the entire short story. http://www. shs. k12. nf. ca/ocaul/charcater%20analysis%20Mary%20Maloney. htm

Culture Clashes in the two novelsThings fall apart Chinua Achebe and Term Paper - 1

Culture Clashes in the two novelsThings fall apart Chinua Achebe and Lolita Vladimir Nabokov - Term Paper Example The following essay is an effort to portray the clash of cultures as the main protagonists interact with the people of different culture, the difficulties they face and the differences they experience. Igbo Okonkwo is a Negro whose interaction with British colonialists’ causes much of chaos in his life and the same is true with Humbert who is unable to understand what is going on in Lolita’s life. In both the novels, protagonists’ lives end in misery making us to think about our lost roots of heritage and our own identity. Chinua Achebe tells us the life of an Igbo who has himself experienced and seen culture of the people falling under the walls of the British colonial power. When British and other whites interfered in simple lives of Africans, it brought chaos and disturbance in their cultural and religious lives. Throughout the novel, people are seen facing conflicting situations in their daily affairs and even in their religious lives. Okonkwo is both a good farmer and a warrior and has gained two titles for his clan; has three wives, is owner of two barns full of yarns and a considerably big house revealing his achievements. He has got this success because of his father’s failures in life, which shows us type of the difficulties he must have borne in his life. He is revered and respected by his clan, as per his custom â€Å"Age was respected among his people, but achievement was revered.  As the elders said, if a child washed his hands he could eat with kings† (Achebe 6). While in Lolita, when Humbert of European origin and Charlotte Haze as well as Lolita, both Americans, get to know each other, it leads to conflicting situations in their lives. The glamour and intellect of Humbert fascinates Charlotte while on the other hand Humbert laughs at the superficial aspects and civilized nature of the Americans. He looks at Charlotte not more than a simple housewife whereas considers Lolita as a sexual symbol. He is

Uc civil engineering transfer student personal statement

Uc civil engineering transfer student - Personal Statement Example As a child I used to stand for hours at a construction site watching in awe as the workers worked in perfect harmony. There was nothing that gave me more joy than seeing a structure grow where none existed before. I therefore knew from an early age that I would like to be part of creating new structures. When I grew up a little and learnt more about different careers, I decided that I would be a civil engineer. Throughout my years in school, physics and mathematics have been my most favorite subjects and my grades in both have always been impressive. I have consistently topped my class in both for many years of my schooling. It was a trend that had continued my elementary school to high school. With time, I got to travel more and see more buildings, canals, bridges and other structures built in various designs that increased my yearning to enter into a career leading to construction. After I got access to the internet, I did comprehensive research on civil engineering and became quite knowledgeable in many topics in the subject. After I finished high school, I applied to join the (NAME COLLEGE). At first I was afraid due to notion that had been propagated into us that the course was difficult. I worked quite hard in my studies since it was a course I had passion in and I had had a good background in since I had been good in mathematics and physics. I realized that for anybody interested in civil engineering, it is not as difficult as we had been made to believe. On the contrary, I found the subjects simple, practical and enjoyable. Over the years I have had a chance to study civil engineering, I have had the opportunity to attend various consultative for a for civil engineers in which I have had the chance to interact with civil engineers and exchange ideas on further developing construction skills. These for a have left me more knowledgeable and have triggered critical thinking in me

My Childhood Essay Example for Free

My Childhood Essay When I started pre-school, I found it difficult to speak English because I spoke Chinese at home. I was distracted and frightened when I attended school in our Los Angeles neighborhood, and crime was a constant concern for us. It worried my parents to see that I was losing interest in school, so they moved me to Chino Hills after I finished 7th grade to live with my sisters, hoping that the environment would be a better place for me. The different atmosphere I was in changed my perspective on education. The students in Chino Hills are very competitive in their academic pursuits which motivated me to try harder and work up to my potential. The realization that a different environment can make a huge difference brought much confidence to me; I began developing better judgment and making better decisions toward my education. As I approached high school, I was beginning to understand the importance of an education. Although my parents remarks about school were simply for me to behave, I knew they also wanted me to have a good educational opportunity. My first year as a freshman in high school was difficult for me; it became evident that I didnt know how to manage my time. As every con has a pro, I knew that time management was no exception. Mastering the art of time management can reap great rewards, and by ignoring it I found myself facing great disappointment with my grades. At the end of the day, I tried to reflect on my performance and soon realized I have accomplished little. In my sophomore year of high school, I began to manage my time more wisely and took my education more seriously, and realized that it did not take much to use time management in an efficient manner; but the rewards were fulfilling because my grades had greatly risen. My course work and grades became obvious to me that I still had trouble managing my time. I soon started to decompose my goals, making it possible to tackle them one step at a time and realized as I progressed, my time management bettered. During my junior year, Procrastination was the biggest barrier to time management I had to face. I found it difficult at times to start working; however, I realized not working was related to the fear of poor results than it is to the actual difficulty of the work. My junior year gave a spark to my life; it helped me create a target to aim for, which is to attend a top 4 year  University and pursue my dreams in the medical field.

Eli Whitney Essay -- essays research papers

By 1790 slavery was on the decline in America. Apart from tobacco, rice, and a special strain of cotton that could be grown only in very few places, the South really had no money crop to export. Tobacco was a land waster, depleting the soil within very few years. Land was so cheap that tobacco planters never bothered to reclaim the soil by crop rotation -- they simply found new land farther west. The other crops -- rice, indigo, corn, and some wheat -- made for no great wealth. Slaves cost something, not only to buy but to maintain, and some Southern planters thought that conditions had reached a point where a slave's labor no longer paid for his care. Eli Whitney came to the south in 1793, conveniently enough, during the time when Southern planters were in their most desperate days. In a little over a week, he started the biggest avalanche of production that any economy had ever experienced. The South would never be the same again. Eli Whitney was born on December 8, 1765 in Westboro, Massachusetts. The tall, heavy-shouldered boy worked as a blacksmith. He had an almost natural understanding of mechanisms. On a machine made at home, he made nails, and at one time he was the only maker of ladies' hatpins in the country. In his early twenties, Whitney became determined to attend Yale College. Since Yale was mostly a school for law or theology, his parents objected. How could Yale College help enhance his mechanical talents? Finally, at the age of twenty-three, Whitney became a student at Yale. By this time, he seemed almost middle-aged to his classmates. After he graduated with his degree in 1792, he found that no jobs were available to a man with his talents. He eventually settled for teaching, and accepted a job as a tutor in South Carolina, his salary was promised to be one hundred guineas a year. He sailed on a small coasting packet with only a few passengers, among whom was the widow of the Revolutionary general, Nathanael Greene. The Greenes had settled in Savannah after the war. When Whitney arrived in South Carolina, he found that the promised salary was going to be halved. He not only refused to take the position, but decided to give up teaching all together. Coming to his aid, Mrs. Greene invited him to her plantation where he could read law, and also help out the plantation manager, Phineas Miller. Miller, a few years older than Whitney, wa... ...housand dollars in bonds from his friends in New Haven, and he personally borrowed ten thousand dollars from the New Haven bank. The sum involved in this big order, $134,000, was the biggest single transaction in the country at that time. By then end of the first year, Whitney was just getting into production, a big accomplishment for those times, but instead of the four thousand muskets he had promised, there were only five hundred produced. When news of this got to Whitney's financial backers, they became doubtful. All in all, it took Whitney almost eight years to fill the entire order. There were still many gaps in his system. There were endless bugs to be worked out, however, most of the ten thousand muskets were produced in the last two years. In 1811, Whitney took another order, this time for fifteen thousand. These were all produced in only two years. Whitney continued on with his development of the factory until his death on January 8, 1825. Unfortunately, Whitney has been all but forgotten. He is mostly remembered as "the cotton man," and nothing else. However, without the ingenuity and dedication of this individual, who knows where the world might be today. Eli Whitney Essay -- essays research papers By 1790 slavery was on the decline in America. Apart from tobacco, rice, and a special strain of cotton that could be grown only in very few places, the South really had no money crop to export. Tobacco was a land waster, depleting the soil within very few years. Land was so cheap that tobacco planters never bothered to reclaim the soil by crop rotation -- they simply found new land farther west. The other crops -- rice, indigo, corn, and some wheat -- made for no great wealth. Slaves cost something, not only to buy but to maintain, and some Southern planters thought that conditions had reached a point where a slave's labor no longer paid for his care. Eli Whitney came to the south in 1793, conveniently enough, during the time when Southern planters were in their most desperate days. In a little over a week, he started the biggest avalanche of production that any economy had ever experienced. The South would never be the same again. Eli Whitney was born on December 8, 1765 in Westboro, Massachusetts. The tall, heavy-shouldered boy worked as a blacksmith. He had an almost natural understanding of mechanisms. On a machine made at home, he made nails, and at one time he was the only maker of ladies' hatpins in the country. In his early twenties, Whitney became determined to attend Yale College. Since Yale was mostly a school for law or theology, his parents objected. How could Yale College help enhance his mechanical talents? Finally, at the age of twenty-three, Whitney became a student at Yale. By this time, he seemed almost middle-aged to his classmates. After he graduated with his degree in 1792, he found that no jobs were available to a man with his talents. He eventually settled for teaching, and accepted a job as a tutor in South Carolina, his salary was promised to be one hundred guineas a year. He sailed on a small coasting packet with only a few passengers, among whom was the widow of the Revolutionary general, Nathanael Greene. The Greenes had settled in Savannah after the war. When Whitney arrived in South Carolina, he found that the promised salary was going to be halved. He not only refused to take the position, but decided to give up teaching all together. Coming to his aid, Mrs. Greene invited him to her plantation where he could read law, and also help out the plantation manager, Phineas Miller. Miller, a few years older than Whitney, wa... ...housand dollars in bonds from his friends in New Haven, and he personally borrowed ten thousand dollars from the New Haven bank. The sum involved in this big order, $134,000, was the biggest single transaction in the country at that time. By then end of the first year, Whitney was just getting into production, a big accomplishment for those times, but instead of the four thousand muskets he had promised, there were only five hundred produced. When news of this got to Whitney's financial backers, they became doubtful. All in all, it took Whitney almost eight years to fill the entire order. There were still many gaps in his system. There were endless bugs to be worked out, however, most of the ten thousand muskets were produced in the last two years. In 1811, Whitney took another order, this time for fifteen thousand. These were all produced in only two years. Whitney continued on with his development of the factory until his death on January 8, 1825. Unfortunately, Whitney has been all but forgotten. He is mostly remembered as "the cotton man," and nothing else. However, without the ingenuity and dedication of this individual, who knows where the world might be today.

Ethics in Public Sector

This debate has given a better understanding of the responsibilities of the public sector, and how it should interact and interface with (elected) governments, with citizens, civil society and foreign as well as domestic corporations and private business Institutions. Besides, ethics and ethical principles can help people make better decisions, and help people evaluate the decisions of others (Like public officials). Much of this debate has focused on â€Å"good governance†, broadly speaking.Ethics has also been a part of this debate, in particular the discussion on professional ethics of civil servants, and too lesser extent the professional and arsenal ethics of politicians and elected office holders. Although the ethics of the civil service will be the main focus of this compendium, we are also looking into the ethics of the political sphere. Ethics has long been a controversial area of study in the professions of law, politics, philosophy, theology and public administratio n, and other study areas.Some practitioners, however, will dismiss any study or theory of ethics as not pertinent to their work, preferring instead to rely on laws, personnel manuals and job descriptions to define the limits of public sector responsibilities. That view now seems to be losing ground to the viewpoint that public administrators are no longer, if they ever were, expert technicians simply Implementing the policy decisions of the policy makers. Rather, public administrators exercise substantial discretion (decision-making power) on their own, discretion that affects peoples' lives in direct, lasting, and sometimes profound ways.In addition, there can be reasons to question the legitimacy of the rules and the policy decisions that public administrators are Implementing. Administrators and bureaucrats cannot avoid asking decisions, and in doing so they should attempt to make ethical decisions. Administrators have discretionary powers that go beyond the manuals, orders, Job descriptions and legal framework of their position and duties, and professional ethics will have to come In as guldens, In Dalton to the formal regulations.Administrators should therefore seek a broad and solid understanding of ethical theories and traditions, and look for methods for thinking about the ethical dimensions of their decision-making Thus, for a period of time there was a â€Å"realist† school within political science that eschewed any moral component of decision-making as naive, as a religious imposition or as plain hypocritical. Likewise in economics, the standard view has been on humans as a â€Å"homo economics†, a rational man attempting to pursue his selfish Interests, with little regard for ethics.Many people still believe that ethics Is too weak and too ;nice' to be of real importance in what is regarded as the tough, dirty and unprincipled world of politics. 1 OFF togged a proper understanding of what is going on. Ethics is also sometimes seen as active (telling other people what they should not do), impractical (because it is backed only by conscience), and more likely to catch the believing innocent rather than the deliberate offenders.Ethical issues in political science tend to be complex, ranging from micro-level personal issues to national, comparative and international relations. In politics, issues such as public vs.. Private interests, conflicts of interest, power abuse, and corruption have special salience. However, to prevent misconduct is as complex as the phenomenon of misconduct itself. This introduction will present three main topics.First, it will outline the basis and basics of ethics, secondly it will outline the â€Å"infrastructure† of ethics (what shapes the ethics of individuals) and thirdly it will outline two particular themes; the discussion on conflict of interests and corruption What is Ethics? Ethics refers to principles by which to evaluate behavior as right or wrong, good or bad. Ethics re fers to well based standards of right and wrong, and prescribe what humans ought to do. Ethics are continuous efforts of striving to ensure that people, ND the institutions they shape, live up to the standards that are reasonable and solidly based.It is useful to distinguish between normative and descriptive ethics; normative ethics describes the standards for the rightness and wrongness of acts, whereas It is useful to distinguish between normative and descriptive ethics; normative ethics describes the standards for the rightness and wrongness of acts, whereas descriptive ethics is an empirical investigation of people's moral beliefs. L This introduction is for the most part concerned with normative ethics. The law is one Asia promoter of ethic behavior.The law, however, only seta minimum standard for ethical conduct. Just because an act is legal, does not automatically mean it is ethical (think of the apartheid laws, for instance). Nor is an illegal act necessarily immoral (someti mes it can be Justified to break the law). Moral Philosophy Traditionally, moral philosophy (also known as normative ethics and moral theory) is the study of what makes actions right and wrong. These theories offer an overarching moral principle to which one could appeal in resolving difficult moral sections.There are several strands of ethics, which differs on the basis (or rationale) for their various ethical considerations. The three best known normative theories are virtue ethics, consequentiality (in particular utilitarianism) and deontological ethics (and in particular Kantian). Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics focuses on the character of the agent rather than on the formal rules for or the consequences of actions. The key elements of virtue ethical thinking are The roots of the Western tradition lie in the work of Plato and Aristotle, but virtues re important also in traditions of Chinese moral philosophy.Virtue theory returned to prominence in Western philosophical thought in the twentieth century, and is today one of the three dominant approaches to normative theories. Virtue ethics includes an account of the purpose of human life, or the meaning of life. To Plato and Aristotle, the purpose was to live in harmony with others, and the four Cardinal Virtues were defined as prudence, Justice, fortitude and temperance. The Greek idea of the virtues was later incorporated into Christian moral theology. Proponents of virtue theory sometimes argue that a central feature of a virtue is that it is universally applicable.Consequentiality Consequentiality refers to those moral theories, which hold that the consequences off particular action form the basis for any valid moral Judgment about that action. Thus, from a consequentiality standpoint, a morally right action is one that produces a good outcome, or consequence. Utilitarianism is a specific strand of consequentiality ethics. Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by it s contribution to overall utility, that is, its contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed up among all persons.The more happiness or pleasure for the more people, the better. It is consequentiality because the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome, and that the ends Justify the means. Utilitarianism can also be characterized as a quantitative and reductionism approach to ethics. 2 Utility – the good to be maximized – has been defined by various thinkers as happiness or pleasure (versus sadness or pain). It has also been defined as the satisfaction of preferences. It may be described as a life stance with happiness or pleasure as ultimate importance.In general use of the term utilitarian often refers to a somewhat narrow economic or pragmatic viewpoint. However, philosophical utilitarianism is much broader than this; for example, some approaches to utilitarianism also consider non-humans (animals and plants) in addition to people. Deontological Eth ics Deontological ethics has also been called â€Å"duty' or â€Å"obligation† based ethics. Deontological believe that ethical rules â€Å"bind you to your duty', and they look at the eighties or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those actions.Deontological ethics looks at our fidelity to principle and disregards the consequences of a particular act, when determining its moral worth. Kantian (or Kantian ethical theory) is deontological, revolving entirely around duty rather than emotional feelings or end goals. The core concept is â€Å"duty', or what one ought to do in certain situations. Kantian states that truly moral or ethical acts are not based on self-interest or the greatest utility, but on a sense of â€Å"duty' and or the individual and their usefulness for others).Kantian theories are based on the work of the German philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724 – 1804), to whom the â€Å"categorical impe rative† is a core element. Kant thought that human beings occupy a special place in the world, and that morality can be summed up in one, ultimate commandment of reason, or imperative, from which all duties and obligations derive. A categorical imperative denotes an absolute, unconditional requirement that exerts its authority in all circumstances, both required and Justified as an end in itself.Kant argued against utilitarianism and other moral philosophy of his day, because for example an utilitarian would say that murder is K if it does maximize good for the greatest number of people; and he who is preoccupied with maximizing the positive outcome for himself would see murder as K, or irrelevant. Therefore, Kant argued, these moral systems cannot persuade moral action or be regarded as basis for moral Judgments because they are based on subjective considerations. A deontological moral system was his alternative, a system based on the demands of the categorical imperative.

Discrimination in the Emergency Department

There is discrimination in the emergency department because of the need for health care workers to implement standards in determining the extent of condition of patients brought to the emergency department for treatment for purposes of prioritization. It is in the process of screening the emergency of patients brought or seeking treatment in the department that discrimination occurs, through the ineffective or limited application of objectives and professional standards during the screening, flawed or baseless screening results, and weak prioritization decisions.Discrimination in the emergency department could occur on the part of individual health care workers or due to the policies implemented by the emergency department. As such, the solution could require institution-wide effort in ensuring the implementation of sound policies for the emergency department together with an anti-discrimination culture encompassing the professional practice and actions of individual emergency health care workers. An emergency pertains to the any critical situation or life-threatening condition.Since the definition is broad, it allows health care workers in the emergency department room to exercise judgment in deciding what scenarios comprise an emergency. Common criteria applied in determining an emergency include unconscious patients rushed to the hospital, potential stroke victims, patients identified to have suffered serious blood loss, or patients with broken bones especially if this involves the spinal column. (National Health Service, 2007)When the emergency department faces one or more of these criteria, together with other similar intervening factors, especially when many cases are received, the people in charge of the emergency department have to make decisions on a number of issues. The wide-range of allowance for personal judgment of health care professionals in the emergency department (Aberegg, Arkes & Terry, 2006) together with the need to make decisions with lim ited time requiring screening skills and experience as well as the implementation of objective professional standards (Gulland, 2003) opens room for biases and subjectivity.First decision is on whether the cases taken singly comprise an emergency (Aberegg, Arkes & Terry, 2006). If so, then the case is considered for emergency action. If not, then the case is referred to the appropriate department. However, the determination of whether the cases constitutes an emergency should be made using professional standards to prevent the intervention of discriminatory practices such as considering a case as an emergency not because it constitutes a life threatening situations but because of biases against one case relative to the other cases (Gulland, 2003).Second decision is the prioritization of all the cases determined as emergencies, brought to the emergency department at one time or in a given period (Aberegg, Arkes & Terry, 2006). The emergency department operates 24/7 so that personnel work on a shift basis resulting to a minimum number of personnel on standby at one time.The number of personnel on standby depends on the trends in emergency cases based on the experience of the hospital and expected periods of the occurrence of emergencies such as forest fires and heat waves during the summer. With limited personnel, mounting cases can make prioritization difficult especially when cases are comparable in terms of the extent of seriousness of the health care need (Gulland, 2003). In these situations, prioritization is a necessity but decisions have requires justification.During decision-making, discrimination could occur such as when white patients are prioritized over a black patient regardless of the extent of the life-threatening condition or younger patients are prioritized over geriatric patients even if the older patients require more immediate treatment and the availability of health care professionals in the emergency department allows the prioritization of the geriatric patient.Third related decision is the action to be taken on the case, such as immediate treatment of the patient, referral of the patient to the health care personnel suited in handling the particular case, denial of treatment for certain reasons, referral of the patient for transfer to another health care facility, and other case-based actions (Aberegg, Arkes & Terry, 2006). Even if prioritization decisions are justifiable, action or implementation relating to the decision could involve discrimination such as when better service is extended to specific patients relative to other patients involved in comparable emergencies.Overall, discrimination in the emergency department could include biases based on race or ethnicity, gender, age, economic status, or other views expressed in the three areas of decision-making previously discussed. This means that discrimination in the emergency department is multi-faceted. In addition, the degree of intervention of discrimination v aries. The intervention of discrimination in the emergency department, from the perspective of emergency health care workers, could include either or both personal and professional bias.Personal bias refers to subjective opinion of a person as against the patient or the circumstances of the case that could affect screening and intervention judgments. Professional bias pertains to the views of the health care workers regarding the condition of the patient, the emergencies, the intervention, and the role they play in this specific situation based on the knowledge and experience of the professional. Both could overlap and operate in creating discrimination in the emergency department. (Gulland, 2003; Aberegg, Arkes & Terry, 2006)Based on the manifestations and causes of discrimination in the emergency department, a number of solutions become apparent. One is the efficient organization of the emergency department in anticipation of life threatening cases at any time. (Gulland, 2003) Sin ce the number of available staff and the level of preparedness of the emergency department determines the creation of opportunities for discrimination since only a small number of emergency cases brought to the emergency department can be addressed.Another solution is the development and continuous enhancement of the operational infrastructures of the emergency department including policies and guidelines in compliance with legal and professional standards, flexible budget and personnel allocation to the department, sound human resource management strategies, organizational culture grounded on objectivity, and other necessities in supporting the high level of preparedness and efficiency of the emergency department (â€Å"Interpretive Guidelines,† 2005).This solution also works in limiting the opportunities for discriminatory action in the emergency department. Still another solution is the application of training and development programs in compliance with the principle of co ntinuous learning. This means that health care workers assigned to the emergency department undergo continuous learning programs to update their knowledge and skills to be able to accommodate developments in professional practice as well as emerging issues arising in professional practice in the emergency department.(Gulland, 2003)When this happens, the likelihood of discrimination lessens because updated information supports the achievement of more objective professional judgments or decisions on issues and challenges faced by the emergency department. Although the emergency department involves a wide-room for judgment and decision-making on the part of health care workers in the emergency department as well as poor support infrastructural support and organizing inefficiencies, which create situations that give rise to discrimination, the causes of discrimination in the emergency department are preventable by addressing these causes.

us vs eu essays

us vs eu essays What does a coherent and unified European community (now known as the European Union) mean to the United States? Is it a threat, a competitor, or a partner? Or is it the three combined together? I think it is the three combined together. Depending on the situation, whether economically, politically, or military, the European Union has acted as a threat, competitor or a partner to the United States. This could be demonstrated using different economic, political and military examples. First, lets look at the role and involvement of the United States in the Formation of the European Union. The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with the European Union since 1953, when the first US Observers to the European Defense Community and the European Coal and Steel Community were nominated. In 1961, the US Mission to the European Communities - now the European Union - was established. The European Commission is represented in the United States by a Delegation in Washington, which was established in 1954. In 1971 the Washington office became a Delegation with full diplomatic privileges and immunities. The Delegation represents the European Commission in its dealings with the US government. It reports on US developments to headquarters in Brussels and acts as a liaison with other international institutions in Washington, DC. The European Union and the United States hold twice-yearly presidential summits to assess and develop transatlantic cooperation. The EU-US summits bring together the President of the United States and the President of the European Commission. The EU-US Presidential Summits started as a result of the November 1990 Transatlantic Declaration. In December 1995, a step forward in the relations was taken at the EU-US Summit in Madrid, when the European Union and the United States adopted the New Transatlantic Agenda. Both sides pledged to work together to promote peace, democracy and stability, foster economic growth a ...

Business strategy, researching tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business strategy, researching tesco - Essay Example It is clear that the high standards set by those in leadership and management positions at Tesco have tremendously contributed to the company’s success. The company’s ‘Every Little Helps’ philosophy ensures that its customers, the community, and company employees form an integral part of its operations. 1.1 Company Core Values and Objectives The most outstanding values of the company are its commitment to providing high standards of service and quality products to its customers by being a responsible retailer. The company continues to offer a great shopping experience to its customers who shop online or it its many other service provisions. This is manifest in the company’s desired future strategic position of reaching zero-carbon operations by the year 2050. In order to do so, the company opened the initial zero-carbon hypermarket in Ramsey in 2010, which led to Tesco winning the tribute as the Green Retailer of the Year in 2012. The continued succe ss the giant retailer enjoys depends on the reassessment and formulation of business strategies in order to remain competitive and increase profitability (David, 2011). Tesco aspires to improve customer loyalty and its core UK business base through various programs such as the club card program introduced in 1995 and is currently the most popular card in the UK. The company also continues to develop various strategies aimed at improving competitiveness and such strategies are mainly driven by price, quality, range of products and innovation. This paper examines corporate strategies at Tesco, the reasons informing each component, how vision and company values interrelate to make the strategies successful, and finally draws on a conclusion on the best alternative strategies that the company can adopt by giving recommendations based on the evaluation. 2.0 Tesco’s Corporate Strategic Position Over the years since it started operations, Tesco has developed a firm and deeply rooted strategy for growth, which is mainly focused on reinforcing the company’s core UK business operations and growth thrust in new markets. The primary tenet of the giant retailer’s strategy, formulated in 1997, encompasses the expansion of scope of operations that allows delivery of a robust and sustained long-term growth. To realize such an expansion of scope of business operations, Tesco constantly pursues existing customers with the aim of introducing them to various other Tesco products and services such as non-food, telecommunications, and financial services. Tesco’s business strategy is based on five principles including desire to remain successful in its global retail business while at the same time developing its core UK business. The company also aims to sustain its business strength both in the food and non-food sectors. Moreover, the company develops strategies that will enhance expansion of other retailing and financial services, and place its customer s and communities at the heart of its operations. 2.1 Customer Loyalty Despite the fact that Tesco Clubcard was introduced to the customers in 1995, there has been a higher degree of data collection especially over the last decade manly due to the company’s embracement of technological advances. Currently, the card can collect essential information

Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Course work - Essay Example Due to this, an external management consultant was engaged to review the entire company in general and its IT development function. From the results of the review, the executive board commissioned the management consultant to identify appropriate techniques for business and requirements analysis activities for the company. The process of checking on the availability of products remain unclear and may require secondary scenarios such as what exactly would happen if a selected product is not available or if the selected product is available but not in sufficient quantity to serve the quantity selected by the customer. In the latter case, the system must know whether to remove the product from the customer’s order or supply a partial order. Inspection of the use case diagram and developing all scenarios in detail allows the analyst and the users to understand detailed system requirements and will be able to accurately specify requirements. Depending on the complexity of order processing for the different customer sectors, additional systems to be developed would either be a separate system per customer sector or additional system processes for the sectors with different processes from the home sector system. Based on the rich picture, other potential systems that might be developed are a warehousing system, an inventory and stock control system, a sales monitoring system, and a supplier management system. For the Home Sector Order Processing System, further investigation in needed to determine processes for unavailable products or available products but with insufficient quantity to fill customer orders. If products are unavailable, how will reordering from suppliers be conducted? The entire process for inventory and stock monitoring and control needs to be investigated if it will be integrated into the order processing system. For insufficient quantities, will orders be partially filled or cancelled altogether? What happens if order processing